09 April 2015

Sidereal Day Vs. Synodic Day


I’ve talked here before about sidereal days and synodic days. What exactly is the difference between the two?

It all comes down to one thing: the object that you are using as a reference. For example, the sidereal day of the Earth is equal to 23 hours, 56 minutes, and 4 seconds. The sidereal day uses a distant star (which is basically any star that is not the Sun) to measure against. You would determine how long a star would take to reach the same location in the sky on consecutive days. Another way to look at it, is the length of time it takes the Earth to rotate 360°.

However, the synodic day is 24 hours. The best way to think of the synodic day is to just determine the length of time between two consecutive noons. A synodic day means the Earth rotates more than 360° to get the Sun in the same location in the sky. The reason this happens is because as the Earth rotates on its axis, it is also moving around the Sun. Granted, it is only moving a little less than a degree in its orbit (since the Earth year is about 365.25 days), but that is long enough that the Earth has to rotate just a tad more to get the Sun back to noon.

 



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